Controlled substances are classified into five schedules that are determined by the potential for the drug to be abused. The classifications are as follows:

• Schedule I – substances that have no known medicinal value and are likely to lead to dependency such as heroin, mdma (ecstasy), psilocybin (mushrooms), peyote, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (lsd).
• Schedule ii – substances that may have some accepted medical use but are likely to be abused such as codeine, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, oxycontin, opium, methamphetamine, cocaine, and methadone.
• Schedule iii – substances with some accepted medical purpose but pose a moderate risk of abuse, including barbiturates, ketamine (special k) anabolic steroids, and medicine containing small amounts of codeine
• Schedule iv – substances commonly used for medicinal purposes such as prescription anti-anxiety drugs such as xanax, valium, zolpidem, and ambien.
• Schedule v – substances that contain limited quantities of narcotics as well as one or more non-narcotic active medical ingredient, particularly over-the-counter medicines, cough syrups, and cold medications.

The penalties for drug crimes depend on a number of factors including the classification, quantity, whether the drugs were intended for personal use or distribution, whether the accused is a habitual drug offender, has prior drug convictions or other felony offenses. In addition, possessing or advertising the sale of drug paraphernalia is also illegal. Finally, employing a minor in the commission of a drug crime or committing a drug crime in a school zone will lead to increased sentencing.  

In short, misdemeanor convictions may lead to a 6-month prison sentence and a fine up to $2,500 and probation while more serious felony charges can result in significant fines and longer prison sentences.  Under Arizona law, however, there are alternatives to prison sentences such as probation for the personal use and possession of drugs. In addition, a diversionary treatment program known as the Treatment Assessment Screening Center (TASC) offers treatment to first-time offenders in lieu of stiffer penalties. John W. Blischak has extensive knowledge of these sentencing alternatives and works to help clients avoid jail time.